Wrestling is a sport in which a practitioner attempts to defeat an opponent without the use of striking. Wrestling is amongst the oldest sports in history that, over time, has evolved into many different styles and forms. They range from world-wide, commercialized stadium events to less publicized, local amateur competitions.

The aim

The aim of a wrestling contest depends upon its style, but common aims are

Styles

There are almost as many wrestling styles as there are national traditions. Styles include Pehlwani in India, Sumo in Japan and Yağlı güreş which is a type of "oiled" wrestling in Turkey. Wrestling is often categorized as one of the martial arts; its virile image and usefulness as military training helped generate such multi-cultural evolutions. Some evidence suggests that wrestling may be the oldest sport known to man. A large amount of early artwork, for example, depicts matches between two opponents..

In addition to its sporting nature, wrestling has often been utilized as the basis for popular spectacle, or theatrical drama. Circus shows worldwide have historically included sideshow wrestling matches involving monetary wagers and even people competing against animals (particularly bears). Such "show wrestling" has continued to this day in professional wrestling spectaculars – choreographed for maximum auditory and visual effects. Often the winner of commercial contests is determined in advance but some styles such as Sumo and Shoot Wrestling (also in Japan) remain true sporting contests while still including many commercial aspects.

Show wrestling

Historically, many spectators have been as interested in observing spectacular "fights" or competitions as in finding out who was the better wrestler. This is not unlike the often vulgar gladitorial "competitions" of ancient Rome which included death at the whim or political mindedness of an emperor and his "thumbs-up". Such theatrical winning often occurs with the full knowledge of the audience.

Modern-day professional wrestling has traces back in early traveling carnivals, where showmen would challenge local spectators to compete with them in a ring. They would most commonly offer any prizes to any man or women for that matter, who could beat them. Also, the carnival director would often place one of his showmen in the audience to answer the challenge, and the two would provide a predetermined spectacle with the intent of providing an entertaining show for the spectators.

Besides the United States, Mexico (Lucha Libre) and Japan (Puroresu) have garnered the greatest percentage of spectator commercialism under the "professional" label.

 

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